Trial reportBMC research notes2025
Comparison of the effects of empagliflozin and sitagliptin, as an add-on to metformin, on cardio-metabolic and glycemic parameters of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial.
Trial report in BMC research notes, 2025. The graph read 8 numbers from its abstract, feeding 7 cells of the map: it . Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
Moreover, empagliflozin led to reductions in SBP about - 8.27 mm Hg (95% CI: -13.31, -3.23; P = 0.001) and in DBP about - 13.37 mm Hg (95% CI: -16.42, -10.32; P = 0.001) compared with metformin.
Compared with the metformin group, the adjusted mean difference in the empagliflozin group was - 12.91 mg/dl (95% CI: 31.82, 6; P = 0.001) for triglyceride (TG) levels and 6.47 mg/dl (95% CI: 2.93, 10.01; P = 0.010) for high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) levels.
Compared with the metformin group, the adjusted mean difference in the empagliflozin group was - 12.91 mg/dl (95% CI: 31.82, 6; P = 0.001) for triglyceride (TG) levels and 6.47 mg/dl (95% CI: 2.93, 10.01; P = 0.010) for high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) levels.
The weight changes were substantial in the empagliflozin group relative to the metformin group (-4.1 vs. -0.90 kg; p = 0.044).
Read, but not usablea number the graph found but could not read as for or against
Moreover, empagliflozin led to reductions in SBP about - 8.27 mm Hg (95% CI: -13.31, -3.23; P = 0.001) and in DBP about - 13.37 mm Hg (95% CI: -16.42, -10.32; P = 0.001) compared with metformin.
HbA1C decreased significantly from baseline to week 12 in the empagliflozin, sitagliptin, and metformin arm (-1.8, -1.35, -0.69%).
HbA1C decreased significantly from baseline to week 12 in the empagliflozin, sitagliptin, and metformin arm (-1.8, -1.35, -0.69%).
HbA1C decreased significantly from baseline to week 12 in the empagliflozin, sitagliptin, and metformin arm (-1.8, -1.35, -0.69%).
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Where it lands on the map
Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.
What it adds to each cell
For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.
SGLT2 inhibitors×lipids
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →9 readable studies in this cell: 3 favour the treatment, 6 find no difference, 0 favour the comparator.
SGLT2 inhibitors×blood pressure
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →38 readable studies in this cell: 24 favour the treatment, 14 find no difference, 0 favour the comparator.
SGLT2 inhibitors×body weight & composition
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →40 readable studies in this cell: 62 favour the treatment, 9 find no difference, 2 favour the comparator.
DPP-4 inhibitors×glycemic control
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →40 readable studies in this cell: 59 favour the treatment, 19 find no difference, 24 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
Metformin×blood pressure
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →6 readable studies in this cell: 2 favour the treatment, 3 find no difference, 1 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
Metformin×glycemic control
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →40 readable studies in this cell: 41 favour the treatment, 13 find no difference, 7 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
SGLT2 inhibitors×glycemic control
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →40 readable studies in this cell: 81 favour the treatment, 11 find no difference, 4 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Glycaemic and Cardiometabolic Outcomes of Empagliflozin Versus Sitagliptin Added to Metformin in T2DM: Insights From a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
objectiveTo evaluate the effects of empagliflozin, sitagliptin, and metformin on the glycemic indices and cardiometabolic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
resultsThe significant changes in FBS from baseline to week 12 were - 23.1, -16.15, and - 15.25 mg/dl in the empagliflozin, sitagliptin, and metformin arm, respectively. HbA1C decreased significantly from baseline to week 12 in the empagliflozin, sitagliptin, and metformin arm (-1.8, -1.35, -0.69%). The FBS and HbA1C changes were significant in the empagliflozin group compared to the metformin group (P = 0.027, P = 0.037, respectively). The weight changes were substantial in the empagliflozin group relative to the metformin group (-4.1 vs. -0.90 kg; p = 0.044). Compared with the metformin group, the adjusted mean difference in the empagliflozin group was - 12.91 mg/dl (95% CI: 31.82, 6; P = 0.001) for triglyceride (TG) levels and 6.47 mg/dl (95% CI: 2.93, 10.01; P = 0.010) for high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) levels. Moreover, empagliflozin led to reductions in SBP about - 8.27 mm Hg (95% CI: -13.31, -3.23; P = 0.001) and in DBP about - 13.37 mm Hg (95% CI: -16.42, -10.32; P = 0.001) compared with metformin. TRAIL REGISTRATION NUMBER: IRCT. ir (IRCT20191231045959N1). TRAIL REGISTRATION DATE: 2020-01-19.
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Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.