Evidence map›Paper›PMID 17145742›Full record

Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2006

Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy.

Steven E Kahn, Steven M Haffner, Mark A Heise, William H Herman, Rury R Holman, Nigel P Jones, Barbara G Kravitz, John M Lachin, M Colleen O'Neill, Bernard Zinman and 2 more

Erratum issued 6 registry-linked trialsAbstract readComparative StudyMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It reports registered trial NCT00279045. Cited by 1,061 papers, 17 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1,061citing papers in PubMed, 17 pooled it
96.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00279045 phase3completed

A Randomized, Double-Blind Study to Compare the Durability of Glucose Lowering and Preservation of Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function of Rosiglitazone Monotherapy Compared to Metformin or Glyburide/Glibenclamide in Patients With Drug-Naive, Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Ran2000Enrolled4,426Registered outcomes2Posted comparisons0ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Armsglyburide, Metformin, Rosiglitazone
PMID 12351470PMID 17116177PMID 15561950PMID 16873701other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT01589445 phase4completedstarted 2008, after this paper: background citation

Modulation of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity in Bangladeshi Type 2 Diabetic Subjects by an Insulin Sensitizer Pioglitazone and T2DM Association With PPARG Gene Polymorphism.

Ran2008Enrolled77Registered outcomes6Posted comparisons11ConditionsType 2 Diabetes MellitusArmsMetformin hydrochloride, pioglitazone hydrochloride
PMID 8013758PMID 16552630PMID 15677777PMID 20520962PMID 14984448PMID 20695906PMID 15579760PMID 19309251PMID 7623902PMID 15386821PMID 11118008PMID 17443551other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT04943692 phase3suspendedstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Efficacy and Safety of Metformin Glycinate Compared to Metformin Hydrochloride on the Progression of Type 2 Diabetes

Ran2021Enrolled500Registered outcomes13Posted comparisons0ConditionsType 2 DiabetesArmsMetformin glycinate, Metformin hydrochloride
PMID 18784090PMID 7895460PMID 8743335PMID 16026361PMID 11225659PMID 9742977PMID 20388897PMID 9428831PMID 19307526PMID 7601013PMID 14502106PMID 7306436other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT02639988 terminatednot on this mapstarted 2016, after this paper: background citation

Impact of Rheumatoid Arthritis on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

TypeobservationalSponsorAssistance Publique - Hôpitaux de ParisRan2016 to 2022Enrolled176ConditionsType 2 Diabetes
NCT04272359 unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Prospective, Parallel Goups Study, Aimed to Evaluating Possible Benefits of the Treatment of New Generation Hypoglycaemic Drugs Compared to Sulphonylureas for the Tratment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorUniversity of MilanRan2019 to 2021Enrolled138ConditionsT2DM (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus), Diet, Healthy, Renal Function Disorder, AlbuminuriaArmsSulfa-zero: possible benefits of the treatment of new generation hypoglycaemic drugs compared to sulphonylureas
NCT06837181 recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Studying the Presence of CFRD Complications With Thoughtful Recruitment (SPeCTRuM)

TypeobservationalSponsorJaeb Center for Health ResearchRan2025 to 2028Enrolled200ConditionsCystic Fibrosis (CF), Cystic Fibrosis-related Diabetes, Diabetes, RetinopathyArmsobservational study
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1,061 citing papers in PubMed, 17 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 2,926 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Thiazolidinediones for people with chronic kidney disease and diabetes.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025
    Pooled it
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  5. Metformin for preventing the progression of chronic kidney disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024 · on this map
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  8. Guideline
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  11. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2022
    Guideline
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1,001 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 9 institutions in 4 countries.

Steven E KahnVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle 98108, USA. skahn@u.washington.edu
Steven M Haffner
Mark A Heise
William H Herman
Rury R Holman
Nigel P Jones
Barbara G Kravitz
John M Lachin
M Colleen O'Neill
Bernard Zinman
Giancarlo Viberti
ADOPT Study Group
GlaxoSmithKline (United States) · USGeorge Washington University · USHarlow College · GBKing's College London · GBLunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute · CAOxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism · GBThe University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio · USUniversity of Michigan–Ann Arbor · USVA Puget Sound Health Care System · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe efficacy of thiazolidinediones, as compared with other oral glucose-lowering medications, in maintaining long-term glycemic control in type 2 diabetes is not known.

methodsWe evaluated rosiglitazone, metformin, and glyburide as initial treatment for recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes in a double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial involving 4360 patients. The patients were treated for a median of 4.0 years. The primary outcome was the time to monotherapy failure, which was defined as a confirmed level of fasting plasma glucose of more than 180 mg per deciliter (10.0 mmol per liter), for rosiglitazone, as compared with metformin or glyburide. Prespecified secondary outcomes were levels of fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin, insulin sensitivity, and beta-cell function.

resultsKaplan-Meier analysis showed a cumulative incidence of monotherapy failure at 5 years of 15% with rosiglitazone, 21% with metformin, and 34% with glyburide. This represents a risk reduction of 32% for rosiglitazone, as compared with metformin, and 63%, as compared with glyburide (P<0.001 for both comparisons). The difference in the durability of the treatment effect was greater between rosiglitazone and glyburide than between rosiglitazone and metformin. Glyburide was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events (including congestive heart failure) than was rosiglitazone (P<0.05), and the risk associated with metformin was similar to that with rosiglitazone. Rosiglitazone was associated with more weight gain and edema than either metformin or glyburide but with fewer gastrointestinal events than metformin and with less hypoglycemia than glyburide (P<0.001 for all comparisons).

conclusionsThe potential risks and benefits, the profile of adverse events, and the costs of these three drugs should all be considered to help inform the choice of pharmacotherapy for patients with type 2 diabetes. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00279045 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesCholesterol, LDLDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Double-Blind MethodFemaleGlyburideGlycated HemoglobinHumansHypoglycemic AgentsKaplan-Meier EstimateMaleMetforminMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsRosiglitazoneThiazolidinedionesCholesterol, LDLGlyburideGlycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic AgentsMetforminRosiglitazoneThiazolidinediones

Identifiers

PMID17145742
OpenAlexW2081276121

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.