Evidence map›GLP-1 receptor agonists × body weight & composition›PMID 26132939›Full record

Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2015

A Randomized, Controlled Trial of 3.0 mg of Liraglutide in Weight Management.

Xavier Pi-Sunyer, Arne Astrup, Ken Fujioka, Frank Greenway, Alfredo Halpern, Michel Krempf, David C W Lau, Carel W le Roux, Rafael Violante Ortiz, Christine Bjørn Jensen and 2 more

7 registry-linked trialsAbstract readComparative StudyMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2015. The graph read 1 number from its abstract, feeding 1 cell of the map: it supports the treatment in 1. It reports registered trial NCT01272219. Cited by 1,138 papers, 22 of them syntheses that pooled it.

1number the graph read from it
1cell of the map it votes in
1,138citing papers in PubMed, 22 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
-6.000 · no effect
Body weight & compositionfavours the treatment · against placebo · obesityfeeds one cell of the map
Δ -5.60-6.00 to -5.10P<0.001
At week 56, patients in the liraglutide group had lost a mean of 8.4±7.3 kg of body weight, and those in the placebo group had lost a mean of 2.8±6.5 kg (a difference of -5.6 kg; 95% confidence interval, -6.0 to -5.1; P<0.001, with last-observation-carried-forward imputation).
FeedsGLP-1 receptor agonists×body weight & composition

clause the extractor read what became the number

2 · Its place on the map

Where it lands on the map

Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.

supports the treatmentfavours the comparatorno clear differenceread, but no usable result
3 · What it changes

What it adds to each cell

For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.

GLP-1 receptor agonists×body weight & composition

SupportsOpen on the map →What to test next →

40 readable studies in this cell: 83 favour the treatment, 15 find no difference, 11 favour the comparator.

Belief with this paper
0.90replicated · 64 families support, 7 contradict · against placebo
Without it
0.91This paper moves it by −0.01.
← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
0 · no effect
This paper3,731 enrolled · 2011
Δ -5.60-6.00 to -5.10
Coadministered Cagrilintide and Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight …PMID 40544433 · 3,400 enrolled · 2022
Δ -17.3-18.1 to -16.6
NCT017204463,297 enrolled · 2013
Δ -2.95-3.47 to -2.44
NCT035489351,961 enrolled · 2018
Δ -12.4-13.4 to -11.5
NCT039879191,879 enrolled · 2019
Δ -1.70-2.60 to -0.70
NCT026078651,864 enrolled · 2016
Δ -2.50-3.00 to -2.00
NCT056467061,407 enrolled · 2023
Δ -14.8-16.2 to -13.4
NCT018365231,398 enrolled · 2013
Δ -4.90-5.65 to -4.16
NCT035527571,210 enrolled · 2018
Δ -6.21-7.28 to -5.15
NCT007344741,202 enrolled · 2008
Δ -1.50-2.08 to -0.92
Cagrilintide-Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity and Type…PMID 40544432 · 1,200 enrolled · 2023
Δ -10.4-11.2 to -9.50
NCT020581471,170 enrolled · 2014
Δ 14.38.37 to 20.3
NCT003184611,091 enrolled · 2006
Δ -1.29-2.16 to -0.41
4 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01272219 phase3completed

Effect of Liraglutide on Body Weight in Non-diabetic Obese Subjects or Overweight Subjects With Co-morbidities: A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled, Parallel Group, Multi-centre, Multinational Trial With Stratification of Subject to Either 56 or 160 Weeks of Treatment Based on Pre-diabetes Status at Randomisation

Ran2011Enrolled3,731Registered outcomes12Posted comparisons4ConditionsMetabolism and Nutrition Disorder, ObesityArmsliraglutide, Placebo
PMID 28237263PMID 29145215PMID 27804269PMID 28462892PMID 27482610PMID 26744025PMID 26833744PMID 29045079PMID 27193270PMID 27817208PMID 28950422PMID 28386912other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT02616003 phase4completed

A Novel Preoperative Conditioning Therapy in Giant Obese Patients With the Combination of Liraglutide and a Leucine-Based Amino-Acid Infusion and Caloric Restriction

Ran2014Enrolled50Registered outcomes10Posted comparisons0ConditionsBariatric Surgery Candidate, Morbid ObesityArmsAminosteril hepa 8%, Caloric diet with 1000 kcal, liraglutide
PMID 26007339PMID 25202976PMID 24681814PMID 22535285PMID 17360978other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT04122716 phase4unknown statusstarted 2016, after this paper: background citation

Synergy Effect of the Appetite Hormone GLP-1 (LiragluTide) and Exercise on Maintenance of Weight Loss and Health After a Low Calorie Diet - the S-LiTE Randomized Trial

Ran2016Enrolled215Registered outcomes28Posted comparisons0ConditionsObesityArmsExercise, liraglutide
PMID 23186644PMID 26284720PMID 28049736PMID 30052921PMID 27295427PMID 27633186PMID 25287751PMID 23812094PMID 11234459PMID 22436841PMID 22013105PMID 18663167other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT04883346 phase2completedstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Phase II Trial of Liraglutide (Saxenda(R), Novo Nordisk) in Adolescents With Obesity After Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Pilot Open-Label Study

Ran2021Enrolled34Registered outcomes5Posted comparisons4ConditionsObesity, Status Post Sleeve GastrectomyArmsliraglutide
PMID 32233338PMID 26544725other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT05394779 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Evaluation of Performance and Safety of DTXO App, an Innovative Digital Therapy, in Improving Weight Loss and Weight-Loss Maintenance of Patients With Obesity by Increasing Their Adherence to Dietary, Exercise Regimens and Psycho-Behavioral Program

TypeinterventionalSponsorAdvice Pharma Group srlRan2022 to 2024Enrolled246ConditionsObesity, Health Behavior, Life Style, Dietary HabitsArmsDTXO APP, PLACEBO APP - Control group
NCT07617155 phase4not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Effects of GLP-1 Agonists on Prevention of HTG-Induced Acute Pancreatitis Recurrence: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorPeking Union Medical College HospitalRan2026 to 2028Enrolled396ConditionsHypertriglyceridemia Induced Acute Pancreatitis, Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis, Pancreatitis Relapsing, HypertriglyceridemiaArmsSemaglutide, Placebo (Normal Saline)
NCT07654062 phase4not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Efficacy and Safety of Mazdutide in Adults With Prediabetes: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial (DREAM-PRE)

TypeinterventionalSponsorShandong Provincial HospitalRan2026 to 2029Enrolled150ConditionsPrediabetes, Impaired Fasting Glucose, Impaired Glucose Tolerance (Prediabetes)ArmsMazdutide, Placebo, Standardized Lifestyle Intervention
5 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1,138 citing papers in PubMed, 22 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  6. Impact of weight-loss interventions on psoriasis severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2026
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1,078 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

6 · The record

Corrections and comments

7 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Xavier Pi-SunyerFrom the Division of Endocrinology and Obesity Research Center, Columbia University, New York (X.P.-S.); Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg (A.A.), and Novo Nordisk, Søborg (C.B.J.) - both in Denmark; Department of Nutrition and Metabolic Research, Division of Endocrinology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA (K.F.); Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge (F.G.); Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo (A.H.); Clinique d'Endocrinologie et Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France (M.K.); Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (D.C.W.L.); Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin (C.W.R.); Departamento Endocrinología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Cuidad Madero, Mexico (R.V.O.); and Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (J.P.H.W.).
Arne Astrup
Ken Fujioka
Frank Greenway
Alfredo Halpern
Michel Krempf
David C W Lau
Carel W le Roux
Rafael Violante Ortiz
Christine Bjørn Jensen
John P H Wilding
SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes NN8022-1839 Study Group

Funding

RESEARCH TRAININGP30DK026687 · ST. LUKE'S-ROOSEVELT INST FOR HLTH SCIS · 1986 to 2025
$7.5M
NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK026687
8 · The paper itself

Abstract

The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.

backgroundObesity is a chronic disease with serious health consequences, but weight loss is difficult to maintain through lifestyle intervention alone. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, has been shown to have potential benefit for weight management at a once-daily dose of 3.0 mg, injected subcutaneously.

methodsWe conducted a 56-week, double-blind trial involving 3731 patients who did not have type 2 diabetes and who had a body-mass index (BMI; the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of at least 30 or a BMI of at least 27 if they had treated or untreated dyslipidemia or hypertension. We randomly assigned patients in a 2:1 ratio to receive once-daily subcutaneous injections of liraglutide at a dose of 3.0 mg (2487 patients) or placebo (1244 patients); both groups received counseling on lifestyle modification. The coprimary end points were the change in body weight and the proportions of patients losing at least 5% and more than 10% of their initial body weight.

resultsAt baseline, the mean (±SD) age of the patients was 45.1±12.0 years, the mean weight was 106.2±21.4 kg, and the mean BMI was 38.3±6.4; a total of 78.5% of the patients were women and 61.2% had prediabetes. At week 56, patients in the liraglutide group had lost a mean of 8.4±7.3 kg of body weight, and those in the placebo group had lost a mean of 2.8±6.5 kg (a difference of -5.6 kg; 95% confidence interval, -6.0 to -5.1; P<0.001, with last-observation-carried-forward imputation). A total of 63.2% of the patients in the liraglutide group as compared with 27.1% in the placebo group lost at least 5% of their body weight (P<0.001), and 33.1% and 10.6%, respectively, lost more than 10% of their body weight (P<0.001). The most frequently reported adverse events with liraglutide were mild or moderate nausea and diarrhea. Serious events occurred in 6.2% of the patients in the liraglutide group and in 5.0% of the patients in the placebo group.

conclusionsIn this study, 3.0 mg of liraglutide, as an adjunct to diet and exercise, was associated with reduced body weight and improved metabolic control. (Funded by Novo Nordisk; SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes NN8022-1839 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01272219.).

Indexed as

AdultBlood GlucoseBody Mass IndexCombined Modality TherapyCounselingDiarrheaDiet, ReducingDouble-Blind MethodExerciseFemaleGlucagon-Like Peptide 1HumansHypoglycemic AgentsInjections, SubcutaneousLiraglutideMaleBlood GlucoseGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Hypoglycemic AgentsLiraglutide

Identifiers

PMID26132939

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

and 1 more above

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.