Evidence map›GLP-1 receptor agonists × body weight & composition›PMID 28237263›Full record

Trial reportLancet (London, England)2017

3 years of liraglutide versus placebo for type 2 diabetes risk reduction and weight management in individuals with prediabetes: a randomised, double-blind trial.

Carel W le Roux, Arne Astrup, Ken Fujioka, Frank Greenway, David C W Lau, Luc Van Gaal, Rafael Violante Ortiz, John P H Wilding, Trine V Skjøth, Linda Shapiro Manning and 2 more

Erratum issued 2 registry-linked trialsAbstract readComparative StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Lancet (London, England), 2017. The graph read 1 number from its abstract, feeding 1 cell of the map: it supports the treatment in 1. An erratum has been issued. It reports registered trial NCT01272219. Cited by 361 papers, 32 of them syntheses that pooled it.

1number the graph read from it
1cell of the map it votes in
361citing papers in PubMed, 32 pooled it
43.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
-4.900 · no effect
Weight lossliraglutide vs placebofavours the treatment · obesity, t2dfeeds one cell of the map
Δ -4.30-4.90 to -3.70p<0.0001
Liraglutide induced greater weight loss than placebo at week 160 (-6.1 [SD 7.3] vs -1.9% [6.3]; estimated treatment difference -4.3%, 95% CI -4.9 to -3.7, p<0.0001).
FeedsGLP-1 receptor agonists×body weight & composition

clause the extractor read what became the number

2 · Its place on the map

Where it lands on the map

Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.

supports the treatmentfavours the comparatorno clear differenceread, but no usable result
3 · What it changes

What it adds to each cell

For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.

GLP-1 receptor agonists×body weight & composition

SupportsOpen on the map →What to test next →

40 readable studies in this cell: 83 favour the treatment, 15 find no difference, 11 favour the comparator.

Belief with this paper
0.90replicated · 64 families support, 7 contradict · against placebo
Without it
0.90This paper does not move the number.
← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
0 · no effect
This paper’s trial, registry resultNCT01272219 · 3,731 enrolled · 2011
Δ -5.39-5.82 to -4.95
This paper · 2017
Δ -4.30-4.90 to -3.70
Coadministered Cagrilintide and Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight …PMID 40544433 · 3,400 enrolled · 2022
Δ -17.3-18.1 to -16.6
NCT017204463,297 enrolled · 2013
Δ -2.95-3.47 to -2.44
NCT035489351,961 enrolled · 2018
Δ -12.4-13.4 to -11.5
NCT039879191,879 enrolled · 2019
Δ -1.70-2.60 to -0.70
NCT026078651,864 enrolled · 2016
Δ -2.50-3.00 to -2.00
NCT056467061,407 enrolled · 2023
Δ -14.8-16.2 to -13.4
NCT018365231,398 enrolled · 2013
Δ -4.90-5.65 to -4.16
NCT035527571,210 enrolled · 2018
Δ -6.21-7.28 to -5.15
NCT007344741,202 enrolled · 2008
Δ -1.50-2.08 to -0.92
Cagrilintide-Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity and Type…PMID 40544432 · 1,200 enrolled · 2023
Δ -10.4-11.2 to -9.50
NCT020581471,170 enrolled · 2014
Δ 14.38.37 to 20.3
NCT003184611,091 enrolled · 2006
Δ -1.29-2.16 to -0.41
4 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01272219 phase3completed

Effect of Liraglutide on Body Weight in Non-diabetic Obese Subjects or Overweight Subjects With Co-morbidities: A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled, Parallel Group, Multi-centre, Multinational Trial With Stratification of Subject to Either 56 or 160 Weeks of Treatment Based on Pre-diabetes Status at Randomisation

Ran2011Enrolled3,731Registered outcomes12Posted comparisons4ConditionsMetabolism and Nutrition Disorder, ObesityArmsliraglutide, Placebo
PMID 26132939PMID 29145215PMID 27804269PMID 28462892PMID 27482610PMID 26744025PMID 26833744PMID 29045079PMID 27193270PMID 27817208PMID 28950422PMID 28386912other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT04575844 phase4recruitingstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Exercise and GLP-1 Agonism on Muscle Microvascular Perfusion and Insulin Action in Adults With Metabolic Syndrome

Ran2020Enrolled80Registered outcomes6Posted comparisons0ConditionsMetabolic SyndromeArmsExercise Training, liraglutide, Liraglutide + Exercise training
PMID 27295427PMID 14981009PMID 10600857PMID 10843167PMID 11078458PMID 11916935PMID 12107720PMID 12791603PMID 14966043PMID 15084712PMID 15161743PMID 15213062other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
5 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

361 citing papers in PubMed, 32 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 824 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Long-term effects of weight-reducing drugs in people with hypertension.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026 · on this map
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  4. Guideline
  5. Guideline
  6. Pooled it
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  8. Guideline
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  14. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2025
    Guideline
  15. Pooled it
  16. Pharmacotherapy for obesity management in adults: 2025 clinical practice guideline update.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2025
    Guideline
  17. Guideline
  18. Pooled it
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  20. Pooled it

301 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

6 · The record

Corrections and comments

7 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 12 institutions in 8 countries.

Carel W le RouxDiabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Ireland; Investigative Science, Imperial College London, London, UK. Electronic address: carel.leroux@ucd.ie.
Arne AstrupDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Ken FujiokaDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Nutrition and Metabolic Research, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Frank GreenwayPennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, CA, USA.
David C W LauDepartments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Luc Van GaalDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
Rafael Violante OrtizDepartamento Endocrinología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad Madero, México.
John P H WildingDepartment of Obesity and Endocrinology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Trine V SkjøthNovo Nordisk A/S, Soeborg, Denmark.
Linda Shapiro ManningNovo Nordisk A/S, Soeborg, Denmark.
Xavier Pi-SunyerDivision of Endocrinology and Obesity Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
SCALE Obesity Prediabetes NN8022-1839 Study Group
University of Liverpool · GBMexican Social Security Institute · MXNovo Nordisk (Denmark) · DKAntwerp University Hospital · BEColumbia University · USInstitut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement · FRPennington Biomedical Research Center · USScripps Clinic · USUniversity College Dublin · IEUniversity of Calgary · CAUniversity of Copenhagen · DKLouisiana State University System · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

8 · The paper itself

Abstract

The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.

backgroundLiraglutide 3·0 mg was shown to reduce bodyweight and improve glucose metabolism after the 56-week period of this trial, one of four trials in the SCALE programme. In the 3-year assessment of the SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes trial we aimed to evaluate the proportion of individuals with prediabetes who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.

methodsIn this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, adults with prediabetes and a body-mass index of at least 30 kg/m

findingsThe study ran between June 1, 2011, and March 2, 2015. We randomly assigned 2254 patients to receive liraglutide (n=1505) or placebo (n=749). 1128 (50%) participants completed the study up to week 160, after withdrawal of 714 (47%) participants in the liraglutide group and 412 (55%) participants in the placebo group. By week 160, 26 (2%) of 1472 individuals in the liraglutide group versus 46 (6%) of 738 in the placebo group were diagnosed with diabetes while on treatment. The mean time from randomisation to diagnosis was 99 (SD 47) weeks for the 26 individuals in the liraglutide group versus 87 (47) weeks for the 46 individuals in the placebo group. Taking the different diagnosis frequencies between the treatment groups into account, the time to onset of diabetes over 160 weeks among all randomised individuals was 2·7 times longer with liraglutide than with placebo (95% CI 1·9 to 3·9, p<0·0001), corresponding with a hazard ratio of 0·21 (95% CI 0·13-0·34). Liraglutide induced greater weight loss than placebo at week 160 (-6·1 [SD 7·3] vs -1·9% [6·3]; estimated treatment difference -4·3%, 95% CI -4·9 to -3·7, p<0·0001). Serious adverse events were reported by 227 (15%) of 1501 randomised treated individuals in the liraglutide group versus 96 (13%) of 747 individuals in the placebo group.

interpretationIn this trial, we provide results for 3 years of treatment, with the limitation that withdrawn individuals were not followed up after discontinuation. Liraglutide 3·0 mg might provide health benefits in terms of reduced risk of diabetes in individuals with obesity and prediabetes.

fundingNovo Nordisk, Denmark.

Indexed as

AdultBlood GlucoseBody Mass IndexBody WeightDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Double-Blind MethodFemaleGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHumansHypoglycemic AgentsIncretinsInjections, SubcutaneousLiraglutideMaleBlood GlucoseGLP1R protein, humanGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsIncretinsLiraglutidePlacebos

Identifiers

PMID28237263
OpenAlexW2590664415

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.