Observational studyJournal of diabetes research2020
Risk Factors for Sarcopenia in the Elderly with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Effect of Metformin.
Observational study in Journal of diabetes research, 2020. The graph read 1 number from its abstract, feeding 1 cell of the map, but none could be read as for or against, so it casts no vote. It also reports an association that does not count as treatment evidence, such as OR 2.54 (1.48 to 4.37) for body weight & composition. It is linked to trial NCT06958302 (The Relation Between Diabetic Neuropathy and Muscle Mass in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 45 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
Read, but not usablea number the graph found but could not read as for or against
In the multivariate analysis, sex, age, educational level, and BMI were risk factors for sarcopenia, with women more likely to develop sarcopenia relative to men (OR = 2.539, 95% CI = 1.475-4.371; CONCLUSIONS: We showed that being female and at an older age, lower educational level, and lower BMI were risk factors for sarcopenia in elderly T2DM and that metformin acted as a protective agent against sarcopenia in these patients.
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Where it lands on the map
Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.
What it adds to each cell
For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.
Metformin×body weight & composition
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →19 readable studies in this cell: 7 favour the treatment, 6 find no difference, 6 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Relation Between Diabetic Neuropathy and Muscle Mass in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia in Asian adults with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Africa: A Systematic Review.Clinical interventions in aging · 2023Pooled it
- The promising effects of a multi-species synbiotic preparation on metabolic profile in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Nutrition & diabetes · 2025Trial
- The Influence of Whey Protein on Muscle Strength, Glycemic Control and Functional Tasks in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Resistance Exercise Program: Randomized and Triple Blind Clinical Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- Sarcopenia in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an imaging review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Association of magnesium depletion score, triglyceride-glucose index, and C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte index with diabetic sarcopenia: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2014-2018 data.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia risk among older adults with diabetes: an exploratory network analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Construction and validation of a nomogram for screening for sarcopenia in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Frailty in Geriatric Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Rambam Maimonides medical journal · 2025Article
- Role of muscle glucometabolism derived fromQuantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Sex‑specific effects of aging and glycemic control on the association of possible sarcopenia in older adults with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Article
- Exploring the Relationship Among Malnutrition, Intake of Various Food Groups, and Sarcopenia in Elderly Population: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Effects of Blood-Glucose Lowering Therapies on Body Composition and Muscle Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- The Effectiveness of High-Intensity Interval Training vs. Cardio Training for Weight Loss in Patients with Obesity: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Can 12-Week Resistance Training Improve Muscle Strength, Dynamic Balance and the Metabolic Profile in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Risk Factors for Sarcopenia in Women with Type 2 Diabetes and the Effects of Metformin: A Cross-Sectional Study of 7,731 Patients from the UK Biobank.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- Association Between Serum Magnesium and Muscle Mass in People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.International journal of endocrinology · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a predictive model for the risk of possible sarcopenia in middle-aged and older adult diabetes mellitus in China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The impact of diabetes on chronic pain in different body regions among adults aged 50 and older: a cross-sectional analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Low geriatric nutritional risk index is associated with osteosarcopenia in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
aimsSarcopenia is a common condition in older individuals, especially in the elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the present study was to examine the risk factors for sarcopenia in elderly individuals with T2DM and the effects of metformin.
methodsA total of 1732 elderly with T2DM were recruited to this cross-sectional observational study, and we analyzed the data using logistic regression analyses. Skeletal muscle mass, grip strength, and usual gait speed were measured to diagnose sarcopenia according to the criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, combined with expert consensus on sarcopenia in China.
resultsThe overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 10.37% of the participants. In the multivariate analysis, sex, age, educational level, and BMI were risk factors for sarcopenia, with women more likely to develop sarcopenia relative to men (OR = 2.539, 95% CI = 1.475-4.371;
conclusionsWe showed that being female and at an older age, lower educational level, and lower BMI were risk factors for sarcopenia in elderly T2DM and that metformin acted as a protective agent against sarcopenia in these patients.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.