Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19878259›Full record

ReviewDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2009

The safety and efficacy of liraglutide with or without oral antidiabetic drug therapy in type 2 diabetes: an overview of the LEAD 1-5 studies.

L Blonde, D Russell-Jones

5 registry-linked trialsAbstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT00294723. Cited by 88 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
88citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
8.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00294723 phase3terminated

Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes (LEAD-3): Effect on Glycemic Control of Liraglutide Versus Glimepiride in Type 2 Diabetes

Ran2006Enrolled746Registered outcomes17Posted comparisons45ConditionsDiabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2ArmsGlimepiride, liraglutide, Placebo
PMID 21883806PMID 23010561PMID 22055210PMID 26574791PMID 22174428PMID 26936426PMID 22193143PMID 19491536PMID 25504028PMID 23186975PMID 21450987PMID 18819705other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT00318422 phase3completed

Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes (LEAD-1): Effect on Glycaemic Control After Once Daily Administration of Liraglutide in Combination With Glimepiride Versus Glimepiride Monotherapy Versus Glimepiride and Rosiglitazone Combination Therapy in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes.

Ran2006Enrolled1,041Registered outcomes5Posted comparisons0ConditionsDiabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2ArmsGlimepiride, liraglutide, Rosiglitazone
PMID 21883806PMID 19491535PMID 23010561PMID 22055210PMID 22193143PMID 21209033PMID 19491536PMID 25504028PMID 23186975PMID 21450987PMID 19245711PMID 22862847other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT00318461 phase3completed

Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes (LEAD-2): Effect on Glycaemic Control After Once Daily Administration of Liraglutide in Combination With Metformin Versus Metformin Monotherapy Versus Metformin and Glimepiride Combination Therapy in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

Ran2006Enrolled1,091Registered outcomes14Posted comparisons74ConditionsDiabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2ArmsGlimepiride, liraglutide, Metformin, Placebo
PMID 21883806PMID 19491535PMID 23010561PMID 22055210PMID 21883438PMID 18931095PMID 22193143PMID 19491536PMID 25504028PMID 23186975PMID 21450987PMID 22985213other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT00331851 phase3completed

Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes (LEAD-5): Effect on Glycaemic Control After Once Daily Administration of Liraglutide in Combination With Glimepiride and Metformin Versus Glimepiride and Metformin Combination Therapy, and Versus Insulin Glargine Added to Glimepiride and Metformin Combination Therapy in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes.A Six-month Randomised, Double-blind, Parallel-group, Multi-centre, Multi-national Trial With an Open-label Treat-to-target Insulin Glargine Control Arm.

Ran2006Enrolled584Registered outcomes5Posted comparisons0ConditionsDiabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2ArmsGlimepiride, Insulin glargine, liraglutide, Metformin
PMID 21883806PMID 23010561PMID 22055210PMID 22193143PMID 19491536PMID 25323312PMID 25504028PMID 23186975PMID 21450987PMID 19688338PMID 19245711PMID 22862847other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT00333151 phase3completed

Effect on Glycemic Control of Liraglutide in Combination With Rosiglitazone Plus Metformin Versus Rosiglitazone Plus Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

Ran2006Enrolled576Registered outcomes4Posted comparisons0ConditionsDiabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Armsliraglutide, Metformin, Rosiglitazone
PMID 21883806PMID 23010561PMID 22055210PMID 26936426PMID 19289857PMID 22193143PMID 19491536PMID 25504028PMID 23186975PMID 21450987PMID 19245711PMID 22862847other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

88 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 229 citations in OpenAlex.

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28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

L BlondeOchsner Diabetes Clinical Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA. lblonde@ochsner.org
D Russell-Jones
Ochsner Medical Center · USRoyal Surrey County Hospital · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Liraglutide is a new glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist and a true GLP-1 analogue. After successful phase 2 studies, liraglutide was assessed in a series of phase 3 trials [(Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes (LEAD)] designed to demonstrate efficacy and safety across the continuum of type 2 diabetes antihyperglycaemic care, both as monotherapy and in combination with commonly used oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs). The LEAD programme also compared liraglutide with other OADs. As a monotherapy, liraglutide demonstrated significant improvements in glycaemic control in comparison with glimepiride. When combined with one or two OADs, reductions in haemoglobin A1c, fasting plasma glucose and postprandial glucose were generally greater with liraglutide than with comparators. Throughout the trials, liraglutide was associated with weight reduction; in most instances, the reduction from baseline was significantly greater than that seen with comparators. Improvements in assessments of beta-cell function were consistently shown with liraglutide treatment across all trials. Furthermore, reductions in systolic blood pressure were reported. Liraglutide was associated with a low risk of hypoglycaemia and was generally well tolerated. The majority of adverse effects were gastrointestinal, the most frequent of which was nausea.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseBlood PressureClinical Trials, Phase II as TopicDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glucagon-Like Peptide 1HumansHypoglycemic AgentsLiraglutideRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRisk FactorsTreatment OutcomeBlood GlucoseGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Hypoglycemic AgentsLiraglutide

Identifiers

PMID19878259
OpenAlexW2061549173

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.