SynthesisDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2012
Achieving a clinically relevant composite outcome of an HbA1c of <7% without weight gain or hypoglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of the liraglutide clinical trial programme.
Synthesis in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT00294723. Cited by 38 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes (LEAD-3): Effect on Glycemic Control of Liraglutide Versus Glimepiride in Type 2 Diabetes
Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes (LEAD-1): Effect on Glycaemic Control After Once Daily Administration of Liraglutide in Combination With Glimepiride Versus Glimepiride Monotherapy Versus Glimepiride and Rosiglitazone Combination Therapy in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes.
Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes (LEAD-2): Effect on Glycaemic Control After Once Daily Administration of Liraglutide in Combination With Metformin Versus Metformin Monotherapy Versus Metformin and Glimepiride Combination Therapy in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes (LEAD-5): Effect on Glycaemic Control After Once Daily Administration of Liraglutide in Combination With Glimepiride and Metformin Versus Glimepiride and Metformin Combination Therapy, and Versus Insulin Glargine Added to Glimepiride and Metformin Combination Therapy in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes.A Six-month Randomised, Double-blind, Parallel-group, Multi-centre, Multi-national Trial With an Open-label Treat-to-target Insulin Glargine Control Arm.
Effect on Glycemic Control of Liraglutide in Combination With Rosiglitazone Plus Metformin Versus Rosiglitazone Plus Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Effect of Liraglutide or Exenatide Added to a Background Treatment of Metformin, Sulphonylurea or a Combination of Both on Glycaemic Control in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
The Effect of Liraglutide Compared to Sitagliptin, Both in Combination With Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes. A 26-week, Randomised, Open-label, Active Comparator, Three-armed, Parallel-group, Multi-centre, Multinational Trial With a 52-week Extension
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 120 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metformin and second- or third-generation sulphonylurea combination therapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019 · on this mapPooled it
- Achieving the composite endpoint of glycated haemoglobin <7.0%, no weight gain and no hypoglycaemia in the once-weekly dulaglutide AWARD programme.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2016 · on this mapPooled it
- Gastrointestinal adverse events of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2015Pooled it
- Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Journal of diabetes research · 2015 · on this mapPooled it
- Achieving the composite end-point of glycated hemoglobin <7.0% without weight gain or hypoglycemia with once-weekly dulaglutide in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: A post-hoc analysis.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2020Trial
- Treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes with exenatide once weekly versus oral glucose-lowering medications or insulin glargine: achievement of glycemic and cardiovascular goals.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2013Trial
- Post Hoc Analysis of SURPASS-1 to -5: Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes are Independent of Baseline Characteristics.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025Article
- Long-Term clinical efficacy of liraglutide for type 2 diabetes: real-world evidence and outcomes from Pakistan.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2024Article
- Impact of Weight Change in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Literature Review and Critical Analysis.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2020Review
- Long-Term Effectiveness of Liraglutide for Weight Management and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Clinical Impact of 5 Years of Liraglutide Treatment on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Real-Life Setting in Italy: An Observational Study.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2018Article
- Achieving glycaemic control without weight gain, hypoglycaemia, or gastrointestinal adverse events in type 2 diabetes in the SUSTAIN clinical trial programme.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2018 · on this mapArticle
- Rationale and design of study of dapagliflozin versus sitagliptin treatment efficacy on prevention of cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes patients: the DIVERSITY-CVR study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2018Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of IDegLira Versus Insulin Intensification Regimens for the Treatment of Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in the Czech Republic.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2017Article
- Modeling the Long-Term Cost-Effectiveness of IDegLira in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Who are Failing To Meet Glycemic Targets on Basal Insulin Alone in The Netherlands.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2017Article
- Liraglutide Versus Lixisenatide: Long-Term Cost-Effectiveness of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Spain.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2017Article
- A real-world study of treatment patterns and outcomes in US managed-care patients with type 2 Diabetes initiating injectable therapies.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2017Observational
- Treatment Outcomes and Tolerability Following Initiation of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Primary Care Practices in Germany.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2017Article
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of IDegLira versus basal-bolus insulin for patients with type 2 diabetes in the Slovak health system.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2017 · on this mapArticle
- Cost Effectiveness of IDegLira vs. Alternative Basal Insulin Intensification Therapies in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Uncontrolled on Basal Insulin in a UK Setting.PharmacoEconomics · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimEffective type 2 diabetes management requires a multifactorial approach extending beyond glycaemic control. Clinical practice guidelines suggest targets for HbA1c, blood pressure and lipids, and emphasize weight reduction and avoiding hypoglycaemia. The phase 3 clinical trial programme for liraglutide, a human glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue, showed significant improvements in HbA1c and weight with a low risk of hypoglycaemia compared to other diabetes therapies. In this context, we performed a meta-analysis of data from these trials evaluating the proportion of patients achieving a clinically relevant composite measure of diabetes control consisting of an HbA1c <7% without weight gain or hypoglycaemia.
methodsA prespecified meta-analysis was performed on 26-week patient-level data from seven trials (N = 4625) evaluating liraglutide with commonly used therapies for type 2 diabetes: glimepiride, rosiglitazone, glargine, exenatide, sitagliptin or placebo, adjusting for baseline HbA1c and weight, for a composite outcome of HbA1c <7.0%, no weight gain and no hypoglycaemic events.
resultsAt 26 weeks, 40% of the liraglutide 1.8 mg group, 32% of the liraglutide 1.2 mg group and 6-25% of comparators (6% rosiglitazone, 8% glimepiride, 15% glargine, 25% exenatide, 11% sitagliptin, 8% placebo) achieved this composite outcome. Odds ratios favoured liraglutide 1.8 mg by 2.0- to 10.5-fold over comparators.
conclusionsAs assessed by the composite outcome of HbA1c <7%, no hypoglycaemia and no weight gain, liraglutide was clearly superior to the other commonly used therapies. However, the long-term clinical impact of this observation remains to be shown.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.