SynthesisEndocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
Efficacy of antihyperglycemic therapies and the influence of baseline hemoglobin A(1C): a meta-analysis of the liraglutide development program.
Synthesis in Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT00294723. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes (LEAD-3): Effect on Glycemic Control of Liraglutide Versus Glimepiride in Type 2 Diabetes
Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes (LEAD-1): Effect on Glycaemic Control After Once Daily Administration of Liraglutide in Combination With Glimepiride Versus Glimepiride Monotherapy Versus Glimepiride and Rosiglitazone Combination Therapy in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes.
Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes (LEAD-2): Effect on Glycaemic Control After Once Daily Administration of Liraglutide in Combination With Metformin Versus Metformin Monotherapy Versus Metformin and Glimepiride Combination Therapy in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes (LEAD-5): Effect on Glycaemic Control After Once Daily Administration of Liraglutide in Combination With Glimepiride and Metformin Versus Glimepiride and Metformin Combination Therapy, and Versus Insulin Glargine Added to Glimepiride and Metformin Combination Therapy in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes.A Six-month Randomised, Double-blind, Parallel-group, Multi-centre, Multi-national Trial With an Open-label Treat-to-target Insulin Glargine Control Arm.
Effect on Glycemic Control of Liraglutide in Combination With Rosiglitazone Plus Metformin Versus Rosiglitazone Plus Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Effect of Liraglutide or Exenatide Added to a Background Treatment of Metformin, Sulphonylurea or a Combination of Both on Glycaemic Control in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
The Effect of Liraglutide Compared to Sitagliptin, Both in Combination With Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes. A 26-week, Randomised, Open-label, Active Comparator, Three-armed, Parallel-group, Multi-centre, Multinational Trial With a 52-week Extension
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metformin and second- or third-generation sulphonylurea combination therapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019 · on this mapPooled it
- Effect of liraglutide on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of liraglutide randomized controlled trials.BMC endocrine disorders · 2019 · on this mapPooled it
- Safety and efficacy of switching from dulaglutide to tirzepatide across clinically relevant baseline characteristics in participants with T2D: subgroup analysis of SURPASS-SWITCH.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2026Trial
- Efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide in Chinese participants with type 2 diabetes: Subgroup analyses by baseline characteristics in the PIONEER 11 and 12 randomised controlled trials.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Trial
- Long-term safety and efficacy of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, tofogliflozin, added on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A 52-week open-label, multicenter, post-marketing clinical study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2019 · on this mapTrial
- Effect of once-weekly dulaglutide on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose in patient subpopulations by gender, duration of diabetes and baseline HbA1c.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2018 · on this mapTrial
- Mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications of GLP-1 and dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Treatment effect heterogeneity following type 2 diabetes treatment with GLP1-receptor agonists and SGLT2-inhibitors: a systematic review.Communications medicine · 2023Article
- Precision medicine in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review of treatment effect heterogeneity for GLP1-receptor agonists and SGLT2-inhibitors.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Liraglutide Effectiveness in Type 2 Diabetes: Insights from a Real-World Cohort of Portuguese Patients.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide by subgroups of patient characteristics in the PIONEER phase 3 programme.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2022 · on this mapArticle
- Liraglutide with Lifestyle Intervention in Adolescents with Overweight/Obesity, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, and Type II Diabetes Mellitus.JPGN reports · 2021Article
- Impact of patient characteristics on efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus dulaglutide: SUSTAIN 7BMJ open · 2020Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Dulaglutide by Baseline HbA1c in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2020Article
- Impact of baseline characteristics and beta-cell function on the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous once-weekly semaglutide: A patient-level, pooled analysis of the SUSTAIN 1-5 trials.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2020Article
- New therapeutic strategies in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a focus on promising drugs for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2020Review
- Characteristics of WBN/Kob diabetic fatty rats supplemented with a fructose-rich diet as a metabolic syndrome model: response to a GLP-1 receptor agonist.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2018Article
- Exposure-response analysis for evaluation of semaglutide dose levels in type 2 diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2018 · on this mapArticle
- Combination therapy with GLP-1 analogues and SGLT-2 inhibitors in the management of diabesity: the real world experience.Endocrine · 2017Observational
- Pharmacology and therapeutic implications of current drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo compare liraglutide versus common antihyperglycemic treatments in reducing hemoglobin A1c (A1C) values across multiple levels of baseline glycemic control and in reaching glycemic targets.
methodsPooled patient data from 7 phase 3, multinational, randomized controlled trials in patients with type 2 diabetes were stratified by baseline A1C values into 5 categories: ≤7.5%, >7.5% to 8.0%, >8.0% to 8.5%, >8.5% to 9.0%, and y9.0%. The changes in A1C from baseline to week 26 of treatment and patient proportions reaching A1C targets of <7.0% and ≤6.5% were compared between liraglutide (1.8 mg daily) and sitagliptin, glimepiride, rosiglit-azone, exenatide, and insulin glargine across all baseline A1C categories.
resultsIrrespective of treatment, reductions in A1C levels were generally greater in groups with higher baseline A1C values. After 26 weeks of treatment, liraglutide produced the greatest reductions in A1C values across all baseline categories, ranging from 0.7% to 1.8% (baseline A1C categories ≤7.5% to >9.0%, respectively), followed by insulin glargine (0.3% to 1.5%) and then by glimepiride (0.4% to 1.3%). Generally, larger percentages of patients achieved the A1C target of ≤6.5% with liraglutide therapy across all baseline categories (from 62% of patients with A1C values ≤7.5% to 10% of patients with A1C values >9.0%) in comparison with other treatments (ranging from 49% to 0% of patients, respectively). Similarly, greater proportions of patients also reached the A1C target of <7.0% with liraglutide therapy across all baseline categories (from 83% of patients with A1C values ≤7.5% to 25% of patients with A1C values >9.0%) versus comparators (from 74% to 5% of patients, respectively).
conclusionAcross a wide spectrum of baseline A1C categories, liraglutide is an efficacious treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.