Evidence mapPaperPMID 23186975Full record

ArticleEndocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists

Liraglutide achieves A1C targets more often than sitagliptin or exenatide when added to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and a baseline A1C <8.0%.

Allen B King, Eduard Montanya, Richard E Pratley, Lawrence Blonde, Claus Bo Svendsen, Morten Donsmark, Giorgio Sesti

7 registry-linked trialsAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT00294723. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00294723 phase3terminated

Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes (LEAD-3): Effect on Glycemic Control of Liraglutide Versus Glimepiride in Type 2 Diabetes

Ran2006Enrolled746Registered outcomes17Posted comparisons45ConditionsDiabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2ArmsGlimepiride, liraglutide, Placebo
Open the trial in the graph
NCT00318422 phase3completed

Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes (LEAD-1): Effect on Glycaemic Control After Once Daily Administration of Liraglutide in Combination With Glimepiride Versus Glimepiride Monotherapy Versus Glimepiride and Rosiglitazone Combination Therapy in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes.

Ran2006Enrolled1,041Registered outcomes5Posted comparisons0ConditionsDiabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2ArmsGlimepiride, liraglutide, Rosiglitazone
Open the trial in the graph
NCT00318461 phase3completed

Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes (LEAD-2): Effect on Glycaemic Control After Once Daily Administration of Liraglutide in Combination With Metformin Versus Metformin Monotherapy Versus Metformin and Glimepiride Combination Therapy in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

Ran2006Enrolled1,091Registered outcomes14Posted comparisons74ConditionsDiabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2ArmsGlimepiride, liraglutide, Metformin, Placebo
Open the trial in the graph
NCT00331851 phase3completed

Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes (LEAD-5): Effect on Glycaemic Control After Once Daily Administration of Liraglutide in Combination With Glimepiride and Metformin Versus Glimepiride and Metformin Combination Therapy, and Versus Insulin Glargine Added to Glimepiride and Metformin Combination Therapy in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes.A Six-month Randomised, Double-blind, Parallel-group, Multi-centre, Multi-national Trial With an Open-label Treat-to-target Insulin Glargine Control Arm.

Ran2006Enrolled584Registered outcomes5Posted comparisons0ConditionsDiabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2ArmsGlimepiride, Insulin glargine, liraglutide, Metformin
Open the trial in the graph
NCT00333151 phase3completed

Effect on Glycemic Control of Liraglutide in Combination With Rosiglitazone Plus Metformin Versus Rosiglitazone Plus Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

Ran2006Enrolled576Registered outcomes4Posted comparisons0ConditionsDiabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Armsliraglutide, Metformin, Rosiglitazone
Open the trial in the graph
NCT00518882 phase3completed

Effect of Liraglutide or Exenatide Added to a Background Treatment of Metformin, Sulphonylurea or a Combination of Both on Glycaemic Control in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

Ran2007Enrolled467Registered outcomes55Posted comparisons85ConditionsDiabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Armsexenatide, liraglutide
Open the trial in the graph
NCT00700817 phase3completed

The Effect of Liraglutide Compared to Sitagliptin, Both in Combination With Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes. A 26-week, Randomised, Open-label, Active Comparator, Three-armed, Parallel-group, Multi-centre, Multinational Trial With a 52-week Extension

Ran2008Enrolled665Registered outcomes75Posted comparisons6ConditionsDiabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Armsliraglutide, Metformin, Sitagliptin
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Diabetes Control During Massachusetts Insurance Reform.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2022
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Real-World Clinical Effectiveness and Cost Savings of Liraglutide Versus Sitagliptin in Treating Type 2 Diabetes for 1 and 2 Years.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2018
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.

Allen B KingDiabetes Care Center, Salinas, CA 93901, USA. aking@diabetescarecenter.com
Eduard Montanya
Richard E Pratley
Lawrence Blonde
Claus Bo Svendsen
Morten Donsmark
Giorgio Sesti
Novo Nordisk (Denmark) · DKAdventHealth Orlando · USDiabetes Care Center · USInstitut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge · ESMagna Graecia University · ITOchsner Medical Center · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveCompare the safety and efficacy of liraglutide to that of sitagliptin or exenatide as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and glycated hemoglobin (A1C) <8.0%.

methodsPost hoc analysis of 26-week data from liraglutide 1.8 mg once daily (OD) versus exenatide 10 μg twice daily (LEAD-6) and liraglutide 1.8 mg OD versus sitagliptin 100 mg OD (LIRA-DPP-4); only patients treated as add-on to metformin with baseline A1C <8.0% were included. Efficacy analysis was performed on the intention-to-treat population with missing values imputed by last observation carried forward.

resultsMore patients achieved A1C targets (<7.0% and ≤6.5%) with liraglutide versus exenatide or sitagliptin; the difference was greatest for A1C ≤6.5% (LEAD-6: 65% versus 35%; odds ratio [OR]=3.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31-8.63; P = .01 or LIRA-DPP-4: 53% versus 19%; OR = 4.78, 95% CI 2.10 to 10.87; P = .0002). Significantly more patients achieved a composite endpoint of A1C <7.0% with no weight gain or hypoglycemia with liraglutide compared with exenatide (78% versus 42%; OR = 4.99, 95% CI: 1.77 to 14.04; P = .0023) or sitagliptin (61% versus 21%; OR = 5.95, 95% CI: 2.66 to 13.29; P<.0001). All treatments were well tolerated, there was no major hypoglycemia and few patients (8 to 10%) experienced minor hypoglycemia.

conclusionWhen added to metformin in patients with an A1C <8.0%, more patients using liraglutide 1.8 mg reached A1C targets than with exenatide or sitagliptin. Sitagliptin had particularly low efficacy in this analysis. These data support the use of liraglutide 1.8 mg as a safe and effective alternative to sitagliptin or exenatide following metformin failure in patients with an A1C <8.0%.

Indexed as

AdultAgedBlood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Drug Therapy, CombinationExenatideFemaleGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glycated HemoglobinHumansHypoglycemiaHypoglycemic AgentsLiraglutideMaleMetforminMiddle AgedBlood GlucoseExenatideGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic AgentsLiraglutideMetforminPeptidesPyrazinesSitagliptin PhosphateTriazolesVenoms

Identifiers

PMID23186975
OpenAlexW2050851282

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

and 1 more above

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.