SynthesisJournal of diabetes research2015
Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of diabetes research, 2015. The graph read 5 numbers from its abstract, feeding 4 cells of the map: it supports the treatment in 1, favours the comparator in 1. Cited by 43 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The weight reduction significantly ranged from -5.30 kg (95% CI: -6.38, -4.24) to -2.21 kg (95% CI: -3.59, -0.83) with exenatide and from -4.35 kg (95% CI: -5.45, -3.24) to -2.21 kg (95% CI: -3.92, -0.53) with liraglutide.
Exenatide 10 μg twice daily (EX10BID) reduced weight compared with exenatide 5 μg twice daily (EX5BID), liraglutide 0.6 mg once daily (LIR0.6QD), liraglutide-1.2 mg once daily (LIR1.2QD), and placebo treatment, with mean differences of -1.07 kg (95% CI: -2.41, -0.02), -2.38 kg (95% CI: -3.71, -1.06), -1.62 kg (95% CI: -2.79, -0.43), and -1.92 kg (95% CI: -2.61, -1.24), respectively.
GLP-1 RAs achieved a greater weight loss than traditional hypoglycemic drugs; the range of weight reduction was -7.30 kg (95% CI: -12.82, -1.78)~-1.38 kg (95% CI: -1.74, -1.03) with exenatide and -3.12 kg (95% CI: -3.80, -2.44)~-1.40 kg (95% CI: -1.95, -0.85) with liraglutide, respectively.
Read, but not usablea number the graph found but could not read as for or against
Compared with placebo, EX10BID and LIR1.8QD decreased body weight by -1.38 kg (95% CI: -1.74, -1.03) and -1.32 kg (95% CI: -2.22, -0.43), respectively, while there was a statistically significant weight gain observed in the traditional hypoglycemic drugs (insulin, SU, and TZD) compared with placebo, with mean differences of 2.02 kg (95% CI: 1.02, 3.02), 2.03 kg (95% CI: 0.91, 3.15), and 2.20 kg (95% CI: 1.54, 2.86), respectively.
As displayed in the preceding pairwise meta-analysis, we found EX10BID and LIR1.8QD were associated with a significant reduction in body weight versus placebo, with mean differences of -1.92 kg (95% CI: -2.61, -1.24) and -0.98 kg (95% CI: -1.94, -0.02), respectively, while treatment with insulin, SU, and TZD resulted in significant weight gain versus placebo (range from 2.60 kg (95% CI: 1.56, 3.62) to 3.37 kg (95% CI: 2.29, 4.48)).
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Where it lands on the map
Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.
What it adds to each cell
For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.
GLP-1 receptor agonists×body weight & composition
SupportsOpen on the map →What to test next →40 readable studies in this cell: 83 favour the treatment, 15 find no difference, 11 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
GLP-1 receptor agonists×hypoglycaemia
ContradictsOpen on the map →What to test next →11 readable studies in this cell: 2 favour the treatment, 3 find no difference, 6 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
Insulin×hypoglycaemia
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →4 readable studies in this cell: 2 favour the treatment, 1 find no difference, 1 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
Insulin×glycemic control
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →40 readable studies in this cell: 15 favour the treatment, 14 find no difference, 14 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative efficacy and safety of antidiabetic drugs for obese patients with knee osteoarthritis: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025 · on this mapPooled it
- A Review and Meta-Analysis of the Safety and Efficacy of Using Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy of Chinese herbal injections for treating acute cerebral infarction: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC complementary and alternative medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Incretin based treatments and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2017Pooled it
- Combination therapy with exenatide decreases the dapagliflozin-induced changes in brain responses to anticipation and consumption of palatable food in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2022Trial
- Effects of Dapagliflozin and Combination Therapy With Exenatide on Food-Cue Induced Brain Activation in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Trial
- Mechanisms underlying the blood pressure lowering effects of dapagliflozin, exenatide, and their combination in people with type 2 diabetes: a secondary analysis of a randomized trial.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2022Trial
- Exenatide has a pronounced effect on energy intake but not energy expenditure in non-diabetic subjects with obesity: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2018Trial
- Efficacy and tolerability of the new autoinjected suspension of exenatide once weekly versus exenatide twice daily in patients with type 2 diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2018Trial
- Dietary intake patterns and nutritional adequacy among adults with overweight or obesity treated with GLP-1 or dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists- preliminary study.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Not only gut feelings: pancreatic hormone, amylin, controls emotionality and sociability, in a sex divergent manner.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Roles of Incretin Hormones GIP and GLP-1 in Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Evaluating the potential of metabolic drugs in obstructive sleep apnea and obesity: a narrative review.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2025Review
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor modulates cerebrospinal fluid secretion and intracranial pressure in rats.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Article
- Article
- Obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease: A joint expert review from the Obesity Medicine Association and the National Lipid Association 2024.Obesity pillars · 2024Article
- Review
- Anti-atherosclerotic effect of incretin receptor agonists.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Macronutrient intake: Hormonal controls, pathological states, and methodological considerations.Appetite · 2023Review
- Economic analysis of glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists from the Saudi Arabia payer perspective.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
To evaluate the effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) on weight reduction in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM), a network meta-analysis was conducted. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from 1950 to October 2013. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving GLP-1 RAs were included if they provided information on body weight. A total of 51 RCTs were included and 17521 participants were enrolled. The mean duration of 51 RCTs was 31 weeks. Exenatide 10 μg twice daily (EX10BID) reduced weight compared with exenatide 5 μg twice daily (EX5BID), liraglutide 0.6 mg once daily (LIR0.6QD), liraglutide-1.2 mg once daily (LIR1.2QD), and placebo treatment, with mean differences of -1.07 kg (95% CI: -2.41, -0.02), -2.38 kg (95% CI: -3.71, -1.06), -1.62 kg (95% CI: -2.79, -0.43), and -1.92 kg (95% CI: -2.61, -1.24), respectively. Reductions of weight treated with liraglutide-1.8 mg once daily (LIR1.8QD) reach statistical significance (-1.43 kg (95% CI: -2.73, -0.15)) versus LIR1.2QD and (-0.98 kg (95% CI: -1.94, -0.02)) versus placebo. Network meta-analysis found that EX10BID, LIR1.8QD, and EX2QW obtained a higher proportion of patients with weight loss than other traditional hypoglycemic agents. Our results suggest GLP-1 RAs are promising candidates for weight control in comparison with traditional hypoglycemic drugs, and EX10BID, LIR1.8QD, and EX2QW rank the top three drugs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.