Trial reportDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2017

Effects of once-weekly semaglutide on appetite, energy intake, control of eating, food preference and body weight in subjects with obesity.

John Blundell, Graham Finlayson, Mads Axelsen, Anne Flint, Catherine Gibbons, Trine Kvist, Julie B Hjerpsted

4 registry-linked trialsOpen access · hybridAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2017. The graph read 3 numbers from its abstract, feeding 2 cells of the map: it favours the comparator in 1. It reports registered trial NCT02079870. Cited by 319 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

3numbers the graph read from it
1cell of the map it votes in
319citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
15.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

← favours the comparatorfavours the treatment →
-30360 · no effect
Ad libitum energy intake during lunchsemaglutide vs placebofavours the comparator · obesityfeeds one cell of the map
Δ -1255<.0001
RESULTS: After a standardised breakfast, semaglutide, compared with placebo, led to a lower ad libitum energy intake during lunch (-1255 kJ; P  < .0001) and during the subsequent evening meal ( P  = .0401) and snacks ( P  = .0034), resulting in a 24% reduction in total energy intake across all ad libitum meals throughout the day (-3036 kJ; P  < .0001).
Total energy intake across all ad libitum meals throughout the daysemaglutide vs placebofavours the comparator · obesityfeeds one cell of the map
Δ -3036<.0001
RESULTS: After a standardised breakfast, semaglutide, compared with placebo, led to a lower ad libitum energy intake during lunch (-1255 kJ; P  < .0001) and during the subsequent evening meal ( P  = .0401) and snacks ( P  = .0034), resulting in a 24% reduction in total energy intake across all ad libitum meals throughout the day (-3036 kJ; P  < .0001).

Read, but not usablea number the graph found but could not read as for or against

Mean body weightsemaglutide vs baselinedescribes a change within one group, not a comparison · obesityfeeds one cell of the map
Δ -5.00
Semaglutide led to a reduction from baseline in mean body weight of 5.0 kg, predominantly from body fat mass.

clause the extractor read what became the number

2 · Its place on the map

Where it lands on the map

Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.

supports the treatmentfavours the comparatorno clear differenceread, but no usable result
3 · What it changes

What it adds to each cell

For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.

GLP-1 receptor agonists×quality of life & behaviour

ContradictsOpen on the map →What to test next →

14 readable studies in this cell: 4 favour the treatment, 6 find no difference, 4 favour the comparator.

Belief with this paper
0.44contested · 4 families support, 5 contradict · against placebo
Without it
0.50This paper moves it by −0.06.
← favours the comparatorfavours the treatment →
0 · no effect
This paper · 2017
Δ -1255
NCT017204463,297 enrolled · 2013
Δ 0.50-0.48 to 1.47
NCT039879191,879 enrolled · 2019
Δ -0.24-0.50 to 0.03
NCT02963935282 enrolled · 2017
Δ 0.16-1.19 to 1.52
NCT05564039282 enrolled · 2022
Δ 4.10-1.00 to 9.20
improved 2.001.52 to 5.98
NCT03951753117 enrolled · 2019
Δ -246-358 to -133
NCT04311411114 enrolled · 2020
Δ 6.63-1.53 to 14.8
NCT04019197108 enrolled · 2019
β coefficient 420-1012 to 1852
NCT0304179261 enrolled · 2017
Δ -236-322 to -149
weight loss -6.50-10.2 to -2.90

GLP-1 receptor agonists×body weight & composition

No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →

40 readable studies in this cell: 83 favour the treatment, 15 find no difference, 11 favour the comparator.

Belief with this paper
0.90replicated · 64 families support, 7 contradict · against placebo
Without itNot a counted family in this claim, so removing it changes nothing.
← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
0 · no effect
NCT012722193,731 enrolled · 2011
Δ -5.39-5.82 to -4.95
Δ -17.3-18.1 to -16.6
NCT017204463,297 enrolled · 2013
Δ -2.95-3.47 to -2.44
NCT035489351,961 enrolled · 2018
Δ -12.4-13.4 to -11.5
NCT039879191,879 enrolled · 2019
Δ -1.70-2.60 to -0.70
NCT026078651,864 enrolled · 2016
Δ -2.50-3.00 to -2.00
NCT056467061,407 enrolled · 2023
Δ -14.8-16.2 to -13.4
NCT018365231,398 enrolled · 2013
Δ -4.90-5.65 to -4.16
NCT035527571,210 enrolled · 2018
Δ -6.21-7.28 to -5.15
NCT007344741,202 enrolled · 2008
Δ -1.50-2.08 to -0.92
Δ -10.4-11.2 to -9.50
NCT020581471,170 enrolled · 2014
Δ 14.38.37 to 20.3

This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.

4 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02079870 phase1completed

A Single-centre, Randomised, Double-blind Two-period Cross-over Trial Investigating the Effect of Semaglutide on Energy Intake, Appetite Sensations, Postprandial Glucose and Triglyceride Metabolism and Gastric Emptying in Obese Subjects Compared With Placebo

Ran2014Enrolled30Registered outcomes6Posted comparisons0ConditionsDiabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition Disorder, ObesityArmsPlacebo, semaglutide
PMID 28941314other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT06132477 phase4recruitingstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Biometabolic Impact of Continuation of GLP-1 Agonists Following Bariatric

Ran2024Enrolled150Registered outcomes5Posted comparisons0ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Metabolic Syndrome, Morbid ObesityArmsGLP-1 receptor agonist
Open the trial in the graph
NCT07065383 narecruitingstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Intramyocellular Lipid Compartments After Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes - Rebalancing the Fat Content of the Heart and Muscles

Ran2025Enrolled60Registered outcomes2Posted comparisons0ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus Type 2ArmsSemaglutide administration plus dietary counselling and physical activity encouragement, Semaglutide plus a personalised and supervised program of resistance and endurance training
Open the trial in the graph
NCT05616052 phase4unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Prospective Randomized Controlled Study on the Improvement of Body Weight Among Overweight and Obese Patients Through Different Smeglutide Administration Methods

TypeinterventionalSponsorHuashan HospitalRan2022 to 2023Enrolled80ConditionsWeight Change, BodyArmsSemaglutide
5 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

319 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 596 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  8. Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Semaglutide: A Systematic Review.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024
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259 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

6 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

7 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

John BlundellDepartment of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7085-9596
Graham FinlaysonDepartment of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Mads AxelsenNovo Nordisk, Søborg, Denmark.
Anne FlintNovo Nordisk, Søborg, Denmark.
Catherine GibbonsDepartment of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Trine KvistNovo Nordisk, Søborg, Denmark.
Julie B HjerpstedNovo Nordisk, Søborg, Denmark.
Novo Nordisk (Denmark) · DKUniversity of Leeds · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

8 · The paper itself

Abstract

The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.

aimThe aim of this trial was to investigate the mechanism of action for body weight loss with semaglutide. MATERIALS AND

methodsThis randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period crossover trial investigated the effects of 12 weeks of treatment with once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide, dose-escalated to 1.0 mg, in 30 subjects with obesity. Ad libitum energy intake, ratings of appetite, thirst, nausea and well-being, control of eating, food preference, resting metabolic rate, body weight and body composition were assessed.

resultsAfter a standardised breakfast, semaglutide, compared with placebo, led to a lower ad libitum energy intake during lunch (-1255 kJ; P  < .0001) and during the subsequent evening meal ( P  = .0401) and snacks ( P  = .0034), resulting in a 24% reduction in total energy intake across all ad libitum meals throughout the day (-3036 kJ; P  < .0001). Fasting overall appetite suppression scores were improved with semaglutide vs placebo, while nausea ratings were similar. Semaglutide was associated with less hunger and food cravings, better control of eating and a lower preference for high-fat foods. Resting metabolic rate, adjusted for lean body mass, did not differ between treatments. Semaglutide led to a reduction from baseline in mean body weight of 5.0 kg, predominantly from body fat mass.

conclusionAfter 12 weeks of treatment, ad libitum energy intake was substantially lower with semaglutide vs placebo with a corresponding loss of body weight observed with semaglutide. In addition to reduced energy intake, likely mechanisms for semaglutide-induced weight loss included less appetite and food cravings, better control of eating and lower relative preference for fatty, energy-dense foods.

Indexed as

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsAdiposityAdultAppetite DepressantsAppetite RegulationBasal MetabolismBody Mass IndexCross-Over StudiesDose-Response Relationship, DrugDouble-Blind MethodDrug Administration ScheduleEnergy IntakeFeeding BehaviorFemaleFood PreferencesGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorAppetite DepressantsGLP1R protein, humanGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsGlucagon-Like PeptidesSemaglutideBody compositionEnergy regulationGLP-1 analogueGlucagon-like peptide-1Randomised trialSemaglutideType 2 diabetesVisual analogue scale

Identifiers

PMID28266779
PMCPMC5573908
OpenAlexW2593691145

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.