Trial reportDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2019
Effect of liraglutide on ambulatory blood pressure in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Trial report in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2019. The graph read 2 numbers from its abstract, feeding 2 cells of the map: it favours the comparator in 1, finds no clear difference in 1. Cited by 14 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
Compared with placebo, liraglutide reduced 24-hour SBP by -5.73 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI] -9.81 to -1.65) and had a neutral effect on 24-hour DBP (mean difference - 1.42 mm Hg; 95% CI -4.25 to 1.40), whilst increasing 24-hour heart rate by 6.16 beats/min (95% CI 3.25 to 9.07).
Compared with placebo, liraglutide reduced 24-hour SBP by -5.73 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI] -9.81 to -1.65) and had a neutral effect on 24-hour DBP (mean difference - 1.42 mm Hg; 95% CI -4.25 to 1.40), whilst increasing 24-hour heart rate by 6.16 beats/min (95% CI 3.25 to 9.07).
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Where it lands on the map
Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.
What it adds to each cell
For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.
GLP-1 receptor agonists×adverse events & safety
ContradictsOpen on the map →What to test next →40 readable studies in this cell: 47 favour the treatment, 14 find no difference, 2 favour the comparator.
GLP-1 receptor agonists×blood pressure
InconclusiveOpen on the map →What to test next →10 readable studies in this cell: 4 favour the treatment, 5 find no difference, 1 favour the comparator.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist-based regimens compared with metformin-based regimens for preventing cardiovascular disease in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Influence of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on renal parameters: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of probiotics supplementation on blood pressure: a systemic review and meta-analysis.Lipids in health and disease · 2020Pooled it
- Effect of Hemoglobin A1c Reduction or Weight Reduction on Blood Pressure in Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2020Pooled it
- Therapeutic Potential of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Review
- Could Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 Inhibitors and Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Play a Role in Gout Treatment?Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Effects of antidiabetic drugs on the level of serum uric acid in patients who have type 2 diabetes.Saudi medical journal · 2025Review
- Liraglutide does not increase heart rate of diabetic patients during acute myocardial infarction.Journal of diabetes · 2024Observational
- The impact of GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide on blood pressure profile, hydration, natriuresis in diabetic patients with severely impaired kidney function.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Primordial Drivers of Diabetes Heart Disease: Comprehensive Insights into Insulin Resistance.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2024Review
- Effect of Liraglutide on Cardiometabolic Risk Profile in People with Coronary Artery Disease with or without Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Effectiveness, Safety, and Patient Satisfaction of Liraglutide in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.Cureus · 2020Article
- Pharmacologic therapy of obesity: mechanisms of action and cardiometabolic effects.Annals of translational medicine · 2019Review
- Making a case for the combined use of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP1 receptor agonists for cardiorenal protection.Jornal brasileiro de nefrologiaReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
aimsTo assess the effect of liraglutide on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate in patients with hypertension (pre- and stage 1 hypertension) and inadequately controlled Type 2 diabetes (glycated haemoglobin 7%-10% [53-86 mmol/mol]). MATERIALS AND
methodsEligible patients for this investigator-initiated, parallel-group, randomized, double-blind trial were on stable background antihyperglycaemic therapy excluding insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors. Participants were centrally randomized in a 1:1 ratio to daily liraglutide 0.6 mg, titrated to 1.2 mg after the first week, or placebo for 5 weeks. The primary outcome was change in 24-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure (SBP), and secondary outcomes included change in ambulatory diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate. We also assessed renal sodium handling.
resultsOf 87 patients assessed for eligibility, 62 (66.1% men) with a mean age of 60.2 years were randomized to liraglutide (n = 31) or placebo (n = 31). All participants received background therapy with metformin, whilst 35.5% were treated concomitantly with sulphonylureas and 14.5% with pioglitazone. Compared with placebo, liraglutide reduced 24-hour SBP by -5.73 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI] -9.81 to -1.65) and had a neutral effect on 24-hour DBP (mean difference - 1.42 mm Hg; 95% CI -4.25 to 1.40), whilst increasing 24-hour heart rate by 6.16 beats/min (95% CI 3.25 to 9.07). Findings were consistent for daytime and night-time measurements. Liraglutide did not increase urine sodium excretion.
conclusionBased on 24-hour ambulatory measurements, short-term treatment with liraglutide had a favourable effect on SBP whilst increasing heart rate.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.