Observational studyEuropean heart journal2019

Cardiovascular effect of discontinuing statins for primary prevention at the age of 75 years: a nationwide population-based cohort study in France.

Philippe Giral, Anke Neumann, Alain Weill, Joël Coste

Open access · bronzeAbstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in European heart journal, 2019. The graph read 4 numbers from its abstract, feeding 1 cell of the map, but none could be read as for or against, so it casts no vote. It also reports 3 associations that do not count as treatment evidence, such as HR 1.46 (1.21 to 1.75) for coronary event. Cited by 65 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

4numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
65citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
17.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

Read, but not usablea number the graph found but could not read as for or against

Coronary eventstatin discontinuation vs continuationan association or prognostic statement, not a treatment comparison · ascvdfeeds one cell of the map
HR 1.461.21 to 1.75
The adjusted hazard ratios for statin discontinuation were 1.33 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-1.50] (any cardiovascular event), 1.46 (95% CI 1.21-1.75) (coronary event), 1.26 (95% CI 1.05-1.51) (cerebrovascular event), and 1.02 (95% CI 0.74-1.40) (other vascular event).
Cerebrovascular eventstatin discontinuation vs continuationan association or prognostic statement, not a treatment comparison · ascvdfeeds one cell of the map
HR 1.261.05 to 1.51
The adjusted hazard ratios for statin discontinuation were 1.33 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-1.50] (any cardiovascular event), 1.46 (95% CI 1.21-1.75) (coronary event), 1.26 (95% CI 1.05-1.51) (cerebrovascular event), and 1.02 (95% CI 0.74-1.40) (other vascular event).
Any cardiovascular eventstatin discontinuation vs continuationan association or prognostic statement, not a treatment comparison · ascvdfeeds one cell of the map
HR 1.331.18 to 1.50
The adjusted hazard ratios for statin discontinuation were 1.33 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-1.50] (any cardiovascular event), 1.46 (95% CI 1.21-1.75) (coronary event), 1.26 (95% CI 1.05-1.51) (cerebrovascular event), and 1.02 (95% CI 0.74-1.40) (other vascular event).
Other vascular eventstatin discontinuation vs continuationan association or prognostic statement, not a treatment comparison · ascvdfeeds one cell of the map
HR 1.020.74 to 1.40
The adjusted hazard ratios for statin discontinuation were 1.33 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-1.50] (any cardiovascular event), 1.46 (95% CI 1.21-1.75) (coronary event), 1.26 (95% CI 1.05-1.51) (cerebrovascular event), and 1.02 (95% CI 0.74-1.40) (other vascular event).

clause the extractor read what became the number

2 · Its place on the map

Where it lands on the map

Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.

supports the treatmentfavours the comparatorno clear differenceread, but no usable result
3 · What it changes

What it adds to each cell

For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.

Statins×cardiovascular events

No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →

30 readable studies in this cell: 18 favour the treatment, 11 find no difference, 1 favour the comparator.

Belief with this paper
0.86replicated · 12 families support, 2 contradict · against placebo
Without itNot a counted family in this claim, so removing it changes nothing.
← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
1 · no effect
HR 0.760.64 to 0.91
NCT023442907,769 enrolled · 2015
HR 0.640.48 to 0.84
HR 1.781.00 to 3.17
NCT03944512102 enrolled · 2019
RR 0.670.37 to 1.19

This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.

4 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

5 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

65 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 156 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Frailty and Cardiovascular Risk.European cardiology · 2026
    Review
  10. Analysis of the association betweenFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

6 · The record

Corrections and comments

7 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Philippe GiralDepartment of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
Anke NeumannDepartment of Studies in Public Health, French National Health Insurance (Caisse nationale d'assurance maladie, Cnam), Paris, France.
Alain WeillDepartment of Studies in Public Health, French National Health Insurance (Caisse nationale d'assurance maladie, Cnam), Paris, France.
Joël CosteDepartment of Studies in Public Health, French National Health Insurance (Caisse nationale d'assurance maladie, Cnam), Paris, France.
l'Assurance Maladie · FRHôpital Cochin · FRSorbonne Université · FR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

8 · The paper itself

Abstract

The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.

aimsThe role of statin therapy in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in persons older than 75 years remains a subject of debate with little evidence to support or exclude the benefit of this treatment. We assessed the effect of statin discontinuation on cardiovascular outcomes in previously adherent 75-year-olds treated for primary prevention. METHODS AND

resultsA population-based cohort study using French national healthcare databases was performed, studying all subjects who turned 75 in 2012-14, with no history of cardiovascular disease and with a statin medication possession ratio ≥80% in each of the previous 2 years. Statin discontinuation was defined as three consecutive months without exposure. The outcome was hospital admission for cardiovascular event. The hazard ratio comparing statin discontinuation with continuation was estimated using a marginal structural model adjusting for both baseline and time-varying covariates (cardiovascular drug use, comorbidities, and frailty indicators). A total of 120 173 subjects were followed for an average of 2.4 years, of whom 17 204 (14.3%) discontinued statins and 5396 (4.5%) were admitted for a cardiovascular event. The adjusted hazard ratios for statin discontinuation were 1.33 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-1.50] (any cardiovascular event), 1.46 (95% CI 1.21-1.75) (coronary event), 1.26 (95% CI 1.05-1.51) (cerebrovascular event), and 1.02 (95% CI 0.74-1.40) (other vascular event).

conclusionStatin discontinuation was associated with a 33% increased risk of admission for cardiovascular event in 75-year-old primary prevention patients. Future studies, including randomized studies, are needed to confirm these findings and support updating and clarification of guidelines on the use of statins for primary prevention in the elderly.

Indexed as

Withholding TreatmentAgedAge FactorsCardiovascular DiseasesDatabases, FactualFemaleFollow-Up StudiesFranceHumansHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsMalePrimary PreventionRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsCardiovascular diseaseElderlyPrimary preventionStatinsTreatment discontinuation

Identifiers

PMID31362307
PMCPMC6855142
OpenAlexW2964473028

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.