Trial reportCardiovascular diabetology2021
Comparison of the clinical effect of empagliflozin on glycemic and non-glycemic parameters in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease treated with or without baseline metformin.
Trial report in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2021. The graph read 2 numbers from its abstract, feeding 4 cells of the map, but none could be read as for or against, so it casts no vote. It also reports an association that does not count as treatment evidence, such as difference -0.54 (-1.07 to -0.01) for Reduction in body mass index (BMI). Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
Read, but not usablea number the graph found but could not read as for or against
In the 52 patients treated with empagliflozin (48.1% with baseline metformin), the decrease in systolic blood pressure from baseline levels was greater in patients receiving metformin, compared to that observed in metformin-naïve patients (group difference - 8.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) - 17.7 to 0.6 mmHg], p = 0.066).
Reduction in body mass index (BMI) was significantly greater in patients receiving baseline metformin, relative to nonusers (- 0.54 [95% CI - 1.07 to - 0.01] kg/m CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest 24 weeks of empagliflozin treatment was associated with an improvement in glycemic control, irrespective of the baseline use of metformin therapy.
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Where it lands on the map
Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.
What it adds to each cell
For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.
Metformin×blood pressure
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →6 readable studies in this cell: 2 favour the treatment, 3 find no difference, 1 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
Metformin×body weight & composition
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →19 readable studies in this cell: 7 favour the treatment, 6 find no difference, 6 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
SGLT2 inhibitors×blood pressure
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →38 readable studies in this cell: 24 favour the treatment, 14 find no difference, 0 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
SGLT2 inhibitors×body weight & composition
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →40 readable studies in this cell: 62 favour the treatment, 9 find no difference, 2 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Blood pressure reduction with empagliflozin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases: a post-hoc sub-analysis of the placebo-controlled randomized EMBLEM trial.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2024Trial
- Combined purslane ethanolic extract and metformin attenuate cognitive dysfunction in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic rats via modulation of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurotransmitters.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Article
- Prognostic impact of metformin in diabetic patients undergoing a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI): protective effect is modified by procedural complexity.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026 · on this mapObservational
- The Role of Diabetes and SGLT2 Inhibitors in Cerebrovascular Diseases.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2025Review
- Empagliflozin Improves Cognitive Impairment in Frail Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.Diabetes care · 2022Article
- Deciphering the Roles of Metformin in Alzheimer's Disease: A Snapshot.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
backgroundThe most recent treatment guidelines for type 2 diabetes (T2D) recommend sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors should be considered preferentially in patients with T2D with either a high cardiovascular risk or with cardiovascular disease (CVD), regardless of their diabetes status and prior use of conventional metformin therapy. Whether the therapeutic impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on clinical parameters differs according to the use of metformin therapy however remains unclear.
methodsThe study was a post hoc analysis of the EMBLEM trial (UMIN000024502). All participants (n = 105; women 31.4%; mean age 64.8 years) had both T2D and CVD and were randomized to either 24 weeks of empagliflozin 10 mg daily or placebo. Analysis of the data assessed the effect of empagliflozin on changes from baseline to 24 weeks in glycemic and non-glycemic clinical parameters, according to the baseline use of metformin.
resultsOverall, 53 (50.5%) patients received baseline metformin. In the 52 patients treated with empagliflozin (48.1% with baseline metformin), the decrease in systolic blood pressure from baseline levels was greater in patients receiving metformin, compared to that observed in metformin-naïve patients (group difference - 8.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) - 17.7 to 0.6 mmHg], p = 0.066). Reduction in body mass index (BMI) was significantly greater in patients receiving baseline metformin, relative to nonusers (- 0.54 [95% CI - 1.07 to - 0.01] kg/m
conclusionOur findings suggest 24 weeks of empagliflozin treatment was associated with an improvement in glycemic control, irrespective of the baseline use of metformin therapy. The effects of empagliflozin on reductions in BMI and hs-TnI were more apparent in patients who received baseline metformin therapy, compared to that observed in metformin-naïve patients. Trial registration University Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry, number 000024502.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.