SynthesisBMC endocrine disorders2019

Effect of liraglutide on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of liraglutide randomized controlled trials.

Xu Zhao, Kun Huang, Meijie Zheng, Junting Duan

Full text readMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC endocrine disorders, 2019. The graph read 2 numbers from its abstract, feeding 1 cell of the map: it finds no clear difference in 1. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

2numbers the graph read from it
1cell of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
-2.610.830 · no effect
Blood pressurefavours the comparator · against placebo · hypertension, t2dfeeds one cell of the map
increase 0.470.11 to 0.83P = 0.01
Liraglutide 3.0 mg/d significantly reduced DBP by 1.46 mmHg (95% CI -2.61, 0.32), P = 0.01, but liraglutide 1.8 mg/d slightly increased DBP by 0.47 mmHg (95% CI 0.11, 0.83), P = 0.01, compared with placebo.
Blood pressureno clear difference · against placebo · hypertension, t2dfeeds one cell of the map
reduced -1.46-2.61 to 0.32P = 0.01
Liraglutide 3.0 mg/d significantly reduced DBP by 1.46 mmHg (95% CI -2.61, 0.32), P = 0.01, but liraglutide 1.8 mg/d slightly increased DBP by 0.47 mmHg (95% CI 0.11, 0.83), P = 0.01, compared with placebo.

clause the extractor read what became the number

2 · Its place on the map

Where it lands on the map

Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.

supports the treatmentfavours the comparatorno clear differenceread, but no usable result
3 · What it changes

What it adds to each cell

For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.

GLP-1 receptor agonists×blood pressure

InconclusiveOpen on the map →What to test next →

10 readable studies in this cell: 4 favour the treatment, 5 find no difference, 1 favour the comparator.

Belief with this paper
0.50contested · 3 families support, 1 contradict · against placebo
Without itNot a counted family in this claim, so removing it changes nothing.
← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
0 · no effect
NCT00676338820 enrolled · 2008
Δ 0.36-1.02 to 1.73
NCT00781937422 enrolled · 2008
Treatment Contrast -2.72-4.69 to -0.76
NCT02492763176 enrolled · 2015
Δ -1.10-6.20 to 4.10
change -0.90-1.60 to -0.10
NCT04019197108 enrolled · 2019
β coefficient -0.05-0.10 to -0.01
NCT0488111060 enrolled · 2021
Δ -0.00-5.80 to 5.80

This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.

4 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

5 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Review
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6 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

7 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Xu ZhaoCivil Aviation General Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2954-6245
Kun HuangCivil Aviation General Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3347-0688
Meijie ZhengCivil Aviation General Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Junting DuanCivil Aviation General Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China. duanjunting123@sina.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5884-7579

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

8 · The paper itself

Abstract

The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.

backgroundSeveral clinical trials have studied the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on glycometabolism and cardiovascular risk factors since they were identified. Because of their cardiovascular benefits and efficacy in lowering glucose, GLP-1RAs are becoming increasingly important in clinical therapy for patients with or without pathoglycaemia. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the GLP-1RA liraglutide on blood pressure based on randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

methodsWe searched PubMed for RCTs published from 2009 to 2018 comparing the effect of liraglutide on blood pressure with that of placebo in individuals with or without pathoglycaemia. RCTs in humans that included data describing blood pressure changes from baseline to the end of the trial were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis.

resultsA total of 18 RCTs that enrolled 7616 individuals in the liraglutide group and 6046 individuals in the control group were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with placebo, liraglutide reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 3.18 mmHg (95% CI -4.32, - 2.05), P < 0.00001, but had no significant effect on diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Subgroup analysis showed that the degree of reduction in SBP was associated with the dose of liraglutide but that significance disappeared when the intervention lasted over 1 year. Liraglutide 3.0 mg/d significantly reduced DBP by 1.46 mmHg (95% CI -2.61, 0.32), P = 0.01, but liraglutide 1.8 mg/d slightly increased DBP by 0.47 mmHg (95% CI 0.11, 0.83), P = 0.01, compared with placebo.

conclusionsThis meta-analysis demonstrated that liraglutide significantly reduced SBP in individuals with or without pathoglycaemia compared with placebo, but the difference was no longer significant when the intervention lasted over 1 year. Moreover, the effect of liraglutide on blood pressure is associated with the dose. This finding may provide additional evidence for cardiovascular protection.

Indexed as

Blood PressureDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2HumansHypoglycemic AgentsLiraglutideMetabolic DiseasesRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicTreatment OutcomeHypoglycemic AgentsLiraglutideBlood pressureCardiovascular risk factorDBPGLP-1RAsLiraglutideSBP

Identifiers

PMID30616638
PMCPMC6323665

What Socratic holds

Textfull text, public
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.