Trial reportEuropean heart journal2011

The Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial: 11-year mortality follow-up of the lipid-lowering arm in the U.K.

Peter S Sever, Choon L Chang, Ajay K Gupta, Andrew Whitehouse, Neil R Poulter, ASCOT Investigators

Open access · bronzeAbstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in European heart journal, 2011. The graph read 3 numbers from its abstract, feeding 2 cells of the map: it supports the treatment in 1, finds no clear difference in 1. Cited by 50 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

3numbers the graph read from it
2cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
12.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
1 · no effect
Cardiovascular eventsfavours the treatment · against placebo · dyslipidemia, ascvdfeeds one cell of the map
HR 0.850.73 to 0.99P=0.03
CV deaths were fewer, but not significant (HR 0.89, CI 0.72-1.11, P=0.32) and non-CV deaths were significantly lower (HR 0.85, CI 0.73-0.99, P=0.03) in those formerly assigned atorvastatin attributed to a reduction in deaths due to infection and respiratory illness.
All-cause mortalityfavours the treatment · against placebo · dyslipidemia, ascvdfeeds one cell of the map
HR 0.860.76 to 0.98P=0.02
A median 11 years after initial randomization and ∼8 years after closure of LLA, all-cause mortality (n=520 and 460 in placebo and atorvastatin, respectively) remained significantly lower in those originally assigned atorvastatin (HR 0.86, CI 0.76-0.98, P=0.02).
Cardiovascular eventsno clear difference · against placebo · dyslipidemia, ascvdfeeds one cell of the map
HR 0.890.72 to 1.11P=0.32
CV deaths were fewer, but not significant (HR 0.89, CI 0.72-1.11, P=0.32) and non-CV deaths were significantly lower (HR 0.85, CI 0.73-0.99, P=0.03) in those formerly assigned atorvastatin attributed to a reduction in deaths due to infection and respiratory illness.

clause the extractor read what became the number

2 · Its place on the map

Where it lands on the map

Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.

supports the treatmentfavours the comparatorno clear differenceread, but no usable result
3 · What it changes

What it adds to each cell

For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.

Statins×cardiovascular events

InconclusiveOpen on the map →What to test next →

30 readable studies in this cell: 18 favour the treatment, 11 find no difference, 1 favour the comparator.

Belief with this paper
0.86replicated · 12 families support, 2 contradict · against placebo
Without it
0.86This paper does not move the number.
← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
1 · no effect
This paper · 2011
HR 0.850.73 to 0.99
HR 0.710.56 to 0.90
NCT023442907,769 enrolled · 2015
HR 0.640.48 to 0.84
HR 1.781.00 to 3.17
NCT03944512102 enrolled · 2019
RR 0.670.37 to 1.19

Statins×all-cause mortality

SupportsOpen on the map →What to test next →

14 readable studies in this cell: 3 favour the treatment, 9 find no difference, 2 favour the comparator.

Belief with this paper
0.50contested · 3 families support, 2 contradict · against placebo
Without it
0.48This paper moves it by +0.02.
← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
1 · no effect
This paper · 2011
HR 0.860.76 to 0.98
NCT023442907,769 enrolled · 2015
HR 0.880.70 to 1.12
HR 1.010.91 to 1.11
NCT03944512102 enrolled · 2019
RR 0.670.37 to 1.19
RR 0.990.89 to 1.11
4 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

5 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

50 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 123 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Clinical significance of 'cardiometabolic memory': a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2017
    Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Trial
  9. Trial
  10. Trial
  11. Trial
  12. Trial
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
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  19. Review
  20. Review
6 · The record

Corrections and comments

7 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Peter S SeverClinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Imperial College London, International Centre for Circulatory Health, 59 North Wharf Road, London W2 1PG, UK. p.sever@imperial.ac.uk
Choon L Chang
Ajay K Gupta
Andrew Whitehouse
Neil R Poulter
ASCOT Investigators
Imperial College London · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

8 · The paper itself

Abstract

The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.

aimsThe aim of this study was to determine the outcome benefits in those originally assigned atorvastatin in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-8 years after closure of the lipid-lowering arm (LLA) of the trial (ASCOT-LLA) among the U.K. population. METHODS AND

resultsASCOT-LLA was a factorially designed double-blind placebo-controlled trial of atorvastatin in 10 305 hypertensive patients enrolled into the ASCOT-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (BPLA) of the trial and with total cholesterol concentrations, at baseline, of <6.5 mmol/L. ASCOT-LLA was stopped prematurely after a median 3.3-year follow-up because of a 36% relative risk reduction (RRR) in non-fatal myocardial infarction and fatal coronary heart disease (CHD) (the primary outcome) in favour of atorvastatin and a non-significant reduction in CV deaths (16%) and all-cause mortality (13%). After a further 2.2 years at the end of ASCOT-BPLA, despite extensive crossovers from and to statin usage, the RRR in all endpoints remained essentially unchanged. A median 11 years after initial randomization and ∼8 years after closure of LLA, all-cause mortality (n=520 and 460 in placebo and atorvastatin, respectively) remained significantly lower in those originally assigned atorvastatin (HR 0.86, CI 0.76-0.98, P=0.02). CV deaths were fewer, but not significant (HR 0.89, CI 0.72-1.11, P=0.32) and non-CV deaths were significantly lower (HR 0.85, CI 0.73-0.99, P=0.03) in those formerly assigned atorvastatin attributed to a reduction in deaths due to infection and respiratory illness.

conclusionLegacy effects of those originally assigned atorvastatin may contribute to long-term benefits on all-cause mortality. An explanation for long-term benefits on non-CV deaths has not been established.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAtorvastatinCause of DeathCoronary DiseaseDouble-Blind MethodEarly Termination of Clinical TrialsFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHeptanoic AcidsHumansHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsHypercholesterolemiaHypertensionMaleMiddle AgedAtorvastatinHeptanoic AcidsHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsPyrroles

Identifiers

PMID21873710
OpenAlexW2121325345

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.