SynthesisAnnals of internal medicine2012
Benefits and harms of statin therapy for persons with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Annals of internal medicine, 2012. The graph read 6 numbers from its abstract, feeding 2 cells of the map, but none could be read as for or against, so it casts no vote. It is linked to trial NCT03779529 (EVOO-coratina Intervention on Lipids in Non-diabetic Hypertensive), which is not on this map. Cited by 150 papers, 15 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
Read, but not usablea number the graph found but could not read as for or against
Moderate- to high-quality evidence indicated that statins reduced all-cause mortality (relative risk [RR], 0.81 [95% CI, 0.74 to 0.88]), cardiovascular mortality (RR, 0.78 [CI, 0.68 to 0.89]), and cardiovascular events (RR, 0.76 [CI, 0.73 to 0.80]) in persons not receiving dialysis.
Moderate- to high-quality evidence indicated that statins reduced all-cause mortality (relative risk [RR], 0.81 [95% CI, 0.74 to 0.88]), cardiovascular mortality (RR, 0.78 [CI, 0.68 to 0.89]), and cardiovascular events (RR, 0.76 [CI, 0.73 to 0.80]) in persons not receiving dialysis.
Moderate- to high-quality evidence indicated that statins had little or no effect on all-cause mortality (RR, 0.96 [CI, 0.88 to 1.04]), cardiovascular mortality (RR, 0.94 [CI, 0.82 to 1.07]), or cardiovascular events (RR, 0.95 [CI, 0.87 to 1.03]) in persons receiving dialysis.
Moderate- to high-quality evidence indicated that statins reduced all-cause mortality (relative risk [RR], 0.81 [95% CI, 0.74 to 0.88]), cardiovascular mortality (RR, 0.78 [CI, 0.68 to 0.89]), and cardiovascular events (RR, 0.76 [CI, 0.73 to 0.80]) in persons not receiving dialysis.
Moderate- to high-quality evidence indicated that statins had little or no effect on all-cause mortality (RR, 0.96 [CI, 0.88 to 1.04]), cardiovascular mortality (RR, 0.94 [CI, 0.82 to 1.07]), or cardiovascular events (RR, 0.95 [CI, 0.87 to 1.03]) in persons receiving dialysis.
Moderate- to high-quality evidence indicated that statins had little or no effect on all-cause mortality (RR, 0.96 [CI, 0.88 to 1.04]), cardiovascular mortality (RR, 0.94 [CI, 0.82 to 1.07]), or cardiovascular events (RR, 0.95 [CI, 0.87 to 1.03]) in persons receiving dialysis.
clause the extractor read what became the number
Where it lands on the map
Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.
What it adds to each cell
For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.
Statins×cardiovascular events
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →30 readable studies in this cell: 18 favour the treatment, 11 find no difference, 1 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
Statins×all-cause mortality
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →14 readable studies in this cell: 3 favour the treatment, 9 find no difference, 2 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
EVOO-coratina Intervention on Lipids in Non-diabetic Hypertensive (h) Patients With Hyperlipidemia (h) Undergoing Periodic Hemodialysis (h)
Who cites it
150 citing papers in PubMed, 15 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 350 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Diabetic kidney disease (Update 2026) : Guidelines in a collaboration of the Austrian Diabetes Association and the Austrian Society of Nephrology].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Guideline
- Dose-response relationship between lipids and all-cause mortality in the dialysis population: a meta-analysis.BMC nephrology · 2025Pooled it
- Lipid-Lowering Trials Are Not Representative of Patients Managed in Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Exclusion Criteria.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Pooled it
- American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2022Guideline
- Associations between statins and adverse events in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: Pairwise, network, and dose-response meta-analyses of 47 randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy of statins on renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Renal failure · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on cardio-metabolic and oxidative stress parameters in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC nephrology · 2021Pooled it
- Pharmacological interventions for heart failure in people with chronic kidney disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- High-intensity statin therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2015Pooled it
- Statins and Cardiovascular Primary Prevention in CKD: A Meta-Analysis.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2015 · on this mapPooled it
- Clinical practice guideline for the management of chronic kidney disease in patients infected with HIV: 2014 update by the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2014Guideline
- Unintended effects of statins from observational studies in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2014 · on this mapPooled it
- Potential increased risk of cancer from commonly used medications: an umbrella review of meta-analyses.Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2014Pooled it
- HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for dialysis patients.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013 · on this mapPooled it
- Cost-effectiveness of statins for primary cardiovascular prevention in chronic kidney disease.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2013Pooled it
- Sustainability of an electronic technology-based intervention in general practice targeting improved detection and monitoring of the interrelated chronic vascular diseases.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Trial
- Statins, Mortality, and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Among US Veterans With Chronic Kidney Disease.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Benefits of Icosapent Ethyl Across the Range of Kidney Function in Patients With Established Cardiovascular Disease or Diabetes: REDUCE-IT RENAL.Circulation · 2021 · on this mapTrial
- Association between individual cholesterol and proteinuria response and exposure to atorvastatin or rosuvastatin.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2019Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of Pemafibrate, a Novel Selective Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Modulator (SPPARMα): Pooled Analysis of Phase 2 and 3 Studies in Dyslipidemic Patients with or without Statin Combination.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Trial
90 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
backgroundStatins have uncertain benefits in persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD) because individual trials may have insufficient power to determine whether treatment effects differ with severity of CKD. PURPOSE: To summarize the benefits and harms of statin therapy for adults with CKD and examine whether effects of statins vary by stage of kidney disease. DATA SOURCES: Cochrane and EMBASE databases (inception to February 2012). STUDY SELECTION: Randomized trials comparing the effects of statins with placebo, no treatment, or another statin on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes. DATA EXTRACTION: Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. DATA SYNTHESIS: Eighty trials comprising 51099 participants compared statin with placebo or no treatment. Treatment effects varied with stage of CKD. Moderate- to high-quality evidence indicated that statins reduced all-cause mortality (relative risk [RR], 0.81 [95% CI, 0.74 to 0.88]), cardiovascular mortality (RR, 0.78 [CI, 0.68 to 0.89]), and cardiovascular events (RR, 0.76 [CI, 0.73 to 0.80]) in persons not receiving dialysis. Moderate- to high-quality evidence indicated that statins had little or no effect on all-cause mortality (RR, 0.96 [CI, 0.88 to 1.04]), cardiovascular mortality (RR, 0.94 [CI, 0.82 to 1.07]), or cardiovascular events (RR, 0.95 [CI, 0.87 to 1.03]) in persons receiving dialysis. Effects of statins in kidney transplant recipients were uncertain. Statins had little or no effect on cancer, myalgia, liver function, or withdrawal from treatment, although adverse events were evaluated systematically in fewer than half of the trials. LIMITATION: There was a reliance on post hoc subgroup data for earlier stages of CKD.
conclusionStatins decrease mortality and cardiovascular events in persons with early stages of CKD, have little or no effect in persons receiving dialysis, and have uncertain effects in kidney transplant recipients.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.